Double issue this week.
- John H. Cochrane - “Knowledge, Decisions, and Incentives”
- In this overview of Hayek and Sowell’s famous work on distributed knowledge, Cochrane highlights how prices are “signals wrapped in incentives,” moving knowledge to where it’s needed without central planners.
- Institutions succeed or fail based on how they gather, authenticate, and act on information - then learn via feedback.
- Decentralised systems adapt; categorical mandates in bureaucracies freeze trade-offs and stifle learning.
- Reform = redesign decision structures (sunsets, shot clocks, retrospective review), not just “better people”. We need to create institutions that work despite the people that are in them.
- Knowledge, Decisions, and Incentives – The Grumpy Economist
- Fedorenko, Nagar & Gibson - “Computer programming ability is more closely related to language than logic”
- Language aptitude explains ~70% of variance in coding skill; numeracy ≈2%.
- Brain activity during code learning aligns with language regions, not maths circuits.
- Treat code like text: syntax parsing, vocabulary, discourse - less algebra drill, more reading/writing practices.
- Bilinguals and strong readers may ramp faster; hiring and teaching should reflect that.

- Computer programming ability is more closely related to language than logic – Nature Scientific Reports
- ONS - UK private vs public sector productivity (1997–2022)
- Market (private) productivity up roughly 35–40%; public sector flat, with a sharp pandemic dip then rebound.

- Public output is hard to price; proxies risk understating quality improvements - measurement matters and the former Chancellor Jeremy Hunt made it one of his main policies to implement the world’s best public sector productivity measurement system.
- Competition, capital deepening, and restructuring power private gains; bureaucracy and risk aversion blunt public progress.
- Sensible fixes: outcome-based metrics, procurement that rewards adoption, and managerial autonomy with accountability.
- Productivity by sector: data & releases – ONS